TRANSFORM()

This function applies a given operation to a range of elements and stores the results in a destination range. It works with any type of sequence accessible through iterators, such as arrays, vectors, and strings. The function can operate in-place (using the same range as both the source and destination) or copy results to a separate output location. Its most common form takes four arguments: the beginning and end iterators of the input range, the beginning iterator of the destination range, and a unary operation (a function, function pointer, or lambda) that processes each element. The function is versatile, supporting unary transformations (one input range) and binary transformations (two input ranges combined into one output range), making it useful for tasks such as applying mathematical operations, case conversion, data mapping, and format adjustments.