CHARACTER STRINGS

char nameArray[10] = "value";

 * compiler counts the number of characters inside the string
 * compiler reserves memory for the string but gets one character more than the 
   string's length
    - the extra character is for the null terminator
 * compiler copies the entire string from the source code into the reserved memory 
   and appends an empty character at the end;
    - the compiler treats the string as a pointer to the reserved memory
    
 * a string is stored as a sequence of characters followed by the empty character 
   but behaves as a pointer of type char

#WARNING - THIS IS NOT ALLOWED!
char protagonist[20];
protagonist = "Gandalf";

 * this is because the pointer "protagonist" points to only the first element of the
   array; the assignment tries to force the compiler to change the meaning of the 
   pointer which is not allowed!
   
#PREFERRED SOLUTION
#include <string.h>
char protagonist[20];
strcpy(protagonist, "Gandalf");

DISTINCTION

char protagonist[10] = "Frodo";

 * an array of 10 characters will be created;
 * the following characters: 'F', 'r', 'o', 'd', 'o' and '\ 0' will be stored in the 
   variable;
 * whenever you use the name protagonist it’ll be interpreted as a pointer to the 
   first element i.e. the one that contains the letter 'F'.
   
char *hero = "Dumbledore";

 * the compiler reserves the memory of 11 bytes (10 for the hero's name itself + 1 for
   an empty char) and fills it with the 
   characters 'D', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'l', 'e' , 'd', 'o', 'r' , 'e' and '\0';
 * the compiler creates a variable named hero of type char *;
 * the compiler assigns the pointer to a newly reserved string to the hero variable.
 
strcpy(hero, "Frodo");